MAY DAY TODAY!
- International Workers' Day is the commemoration of the 1886 Haymarket Massacre in Chicago, which occurred after an unknown person threw a dynamite bomb at police as they dispersed a public assembly during a general strike for the eight-hour workday. In response, the Chicago police fired on the workers killing dozens of demonstrators and several of their own officers. In 1889, the first congress of the Second International, meeting in Paris for the centennial of the French Revolution and the Exposition Universelle, following a proposal by Raymond Lavigne, called for international demonstrations on the 1890 anniversary of the Chicago protests. May Day was formally recognized as an annual event at the International's second congress in 1891.
Subsequently, the May Day Riots of 1894 occurred. In 1904, the International Socialist Conference meeting in Amsterdam called on "all Social Democratic Party organizations and trade unions of all countries to demonstrate energetically on May First for the legal establishment of the 8-hour day, for the class demands of the proletariat, and for universal peace." The congress made it "mandatory upon the proletarian organizations of all countries to stop work on May 1, wherever it is possible without injury to the workers." In many countries, the working classes sought to make May Day an official holiday, and their efforts largely succeeded. May Day has long been a focal point for demonstrations by various socialist, communist and anarchist groups. In some circles, bonfires are lit in commemoration of the Haymarket martyrs, usually at dawn. May Day has been an important official holiday in countries such as the People's Republic of China, Cuba and the former Soviet Union. May Day celebrations typically feature elaborate popular and military parades in these countries.
In the United States and Canada, however, the official holiday for workers is Labor Day in September. This day was promoted by the Central Labor Union and the Knights of Labor, who organized the first parade in New York City. After the Haymarket Massacre, US President Grover Cleveland feared that commemorating Labor Day on May 1 could become an opportunity to commemorate the riots. Thus he moved in 1887 to support the Labor Day that the Knights supported.
In 1955, the Catholic Church dedicated May 1 to "Saint Joseph The Worker". The Catholic Church considers Saint Joseph the patron saint of (among others) workers, craftsmen, and "people fighting communism".
MAY DAY TODAY!
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- 1467 Jhanshah battles the Agh-koyoonloon tribesmen. He is killed at the age of 70.
- 1804 Russian forces, led by General Tshitshianov, start their first assault on Yerevan. It lasts till September.
- 1837 Opening of the Yerevan Consistory.
- 1843 The Mkhitarist Congregation publishes the "Bazmavep" monthly in Venice.
- 1868 The Armenian Church in Echmiadsin starts publishing (to 1918) the Holy See's official monthly: "Ararat".
- 1872 Death of Matatyan (Seyad), Eastern-Armenian writer and troubadour.
- 1891 The "Flag" newspaper (affiliated to the Dashnak party) starts publication.
- 1901 The Tsar publishes the law on land and agricultural reform in Transcaucasia.
- 1905 Civil unrest in Bitlis.
- 1920 Bolsheviks' first revolt in Armenia. The Armenian Government and Parliament take radical measures to quell the revolt.
- 1927 Death of Levon Sargsyan, the editor of "Moorch". He was a Bolshevik and later was made ambassador in Tehran.
- 1935 The first Armenian sound motion picture "Pepo" is shown.
- 1978 Death of Aram Khatshatooryan (composer). He was born in 1903.
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